As the name suggests, the non-lucrative visa is a residency permit which does not allow you to work in Spain, whether that’s for a Spanish employer or as a self-employed worker.
Instead you have to show proof you have "sufficient financial means" to cover all your expenses for there to be no possibility that you'll be a burden for the state, in the form of money in the bank or other 'passive' assets or investments that generate money for you.
In 2022, a single applicant has to prove they have €27,792 ($31,390) for the one year the first non-lucrative visa is valid for.
You apply for this document from outside of Spain and if it is granted to you, you can spend more than 90 days in Spain as a non-EU citizen and get temporary/short-term residency, which can be proven through a TIE card you'll need to apply for.
READ ALSO: How much money do non-EU nationals need for Spain's non-lucrative visa?
The next two NLV (as English speakers often call it) renewals last two years, and therefore you have to show you'll have double that amount on both occasions that you reapply.
As a result, many foreigners may find they cannot 'afford' the non-lucrative visa without working.
So are you able to exchange your non-lucrative visa for another residency permit or visa?
Or perhaps you are using the non-lucrative visa for retirement purposes and intend to stay in Spain long term without working. Are you able to change your visa for a permanent residency visa?
The short answer is yes, it’s possible to change your non-lucrative visa for a work permit or to become self-employed (autónomo) through a process called residence modification.
Exchange your non-lucrative visa for a work permit
During your last few months on the non-lucrative visa, you are able to apply for jobs in Spain in the hopes of changing your visa and being granted a work permit.
In this way, it will be a lot easier for both you and your potential employer, as you will already be a resident in Spain.
In order to modify your permit from a non-lucrative one to a work permit, you will need to meet certain requirements. These are:
- You must have legally lived in Spain for at least one year.
- You must not have a criminal record in Spain, be prohibited from entering Spain or have been rejected from anywhere that Spain has geopolitical links with.
- You must have a pre-employment contract. The pre-employment contract must be signed by both the company and the worker. It’s called a pre-contract because it is conditional on the granting of the work permit.
- Your working conditions must respect current regulations and the current minimum interprofessional salary must be respected.
- Your employer must be registered in Spain's social security system. They must also be up to date with payments with Spain's Agencia Tributaria tax agency and their social security payments.
- The company or employer must have sufficient financial means to pay you the agreed salary.
- You must have a professional qualification or the required amount of training for the profession requested.
Exchange your non-lucrative visa to become self-employed
If you decide that you want to start your own business and become self-employed instead of trying to get a job, then it’s also possible to change your non-Lucrative visa for one that allows you to become autónomo.
To be eligible to do this, the first couple of requisites are the same as above – ie. you must have been a resident in Spain for at least one year and you must not have a criminal record or be prohibited from entering Spain.
READ ALSO - Self-employed in Spain: What you should know about being ‘autónomo’
You must also:
- Meet the requirements that current legislation requires for the opening and operation of the activity you wish to carry out.
- Have the required professional qualification or accredited experience, to carry out your professional activity, as well as, where appropriate, membership with accredited bodies.
- You must be able to prove that the planned investment for your business is sufficient and that where appropriate, will lead to job creation.
- You should be able to prove that you have sufficient economic resources to live and pay for accommodation, once the fees for the activity, such as social security payments and taxes have been deducted.
You may also have to present a business plan and get a certificate from the Self-Employed Workers Association in Spain stating that the project is viable.
How to modify your visa?
You can modify your visa and submit your renewal by filling out the relevant forms – EX03 in the case of changing it for a work permit and EX07 in the case of going self-employed.
Along with these forms, you will have to provide copies of your ID documents, as well as any documents mentioned above such as pre-employment contracts, any certificates of qualifications and proof of finances if planning on setting up your own business.
It’s a good idea to hire a gestor or a lawyer to help you with this to ensure you have filled everything out correctly and have all the corresponding evidence.
READ ALSO: What does a ‘gestor’ do in Spain and why you’ll need one
Can I get permanent residency after my non-lucrative visa?
If you don't want to work, but want to carry on benefitting from the non-lucrative visa and living in Spain, you can do so by renewing your NLV for a further two years.
In order to do this, as mentioned earlier, you will have to show you have enough funds to support yourself and any family members for two years.
That can go from €55,584 for an individual and €13,896 for every other family member.
READ ALSO: Can I be a non-resident for tax purposes with Spain’s non-lucrative visa?
Once these two years are up, you can apply to renew the two-year non-lucrative visa again, providing that you have sufficient funds.
After the end of this period, you will already have been in Spain for a total of five years, meaning that you can then apply for long-term or permanent residency, which is valid for ten years.
As it means changing your non-lucrative residency status for a permanent/long-term residency permit, you will not need to prove NLV-related financial means for those ten years or any period of time. You can work and reside legally and indefinitely in Spain (although you can lose it with very long absences or if you have problems with the law).
Spain's permanent residency can also be renewed or instead you can apply for Spanish nationality after ten years in the country.
Keep in mind that during those first five years on the non-lucrative visa while you still have short-term/temporary residency, you can only be absent from Spain for a maximum of 10 months over the five-year period if you want to apply for permanent residency.
There's also the limit of one continuous 6-month period of absence, but that only leaves you with another 4 months to be absent from Spain during the rest of those five years.
READ ALSO: What you need to know about applying for Spain’s non-lucrative visa
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